MULtinationals Trade In Value Added, Labour and Emissions with Novel Tools
Globalization was described as a process of increased interactions such as trade, communication, culture and ideas. In economics these are studied stressing also processes such as growing international fragmentation of production. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) stand at the center of economic globalization: trade, fragmentation, foreign direct investment and the international transfer of knowledge and technology. Accounting for exchanges of goods and services within and among countries, Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models have implied a large step into analysing these phenomena, notably global supply chains and value added (VA), and factor uses embodiments. In order to properly account for these, heterogeneity has been attempted to be captured in MRIOs with more specific regions, countries, sectors and environmental factors. However, due to many challenges (data gaps linked to confidentially issues, past lack of uniformity in accounting for ownership, systemic registry of businesses accounts only by private firms, high costs and human capital needs, fears of pinpointing powerful businesses, etc.), MRIOs disaggregating MNEs have not been constructed, missing multiple cited processes.
MULTIVALENT will fill this huge gap overcoming these challenges, developing global MRIOs representing MNEs, analysing and visualizing through GUI /Webs the results in: a) VA, trade in VA (TiVA); b) metrics such as vertical specialization, components decompositions; c) employment along the global value chains; d) greenhouse gas emissions; e) taxes, knowledge transfers.
The methods and applied steps involve: a) in-depth analysis and contribution to measuring global production; b) developing solutions for each of the challenges indicated; c) review and implementation of extended input-output and networks frameworks with MNEs; d) integrate social and environmental satellite accounts; e) analyse results and implications; f) examine the related political economy; g) develop the GUI.
Globalization was described as a process of increased interactions such as trade, communication, culture and ideas. In economics these are studied stressing also processes such as growing international fragmentation of production. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) stand at the center of economic globalization: trade, fragmentation, foreign direct investment and the international transfer of knowledge and technology. Accounting for exchanges of goods and services within and among countries, Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models have implied a large step into analysing these phenomena, notably global supply chains and value added (VA), and factor uses embodiments. In order to properly account for these, heterogeneity has been attempted to be captured in MRIOs with more specific regions, countries, sectors and environmental factors. However, due to many challenges (data gaps linked to confidentially issues, past lack of uniformity in accounting for ownership, systemic registry of businesses accounts only by private firms, high costs and human capital needs, fears of pinpointing powerful businesses, etc.), MRIOs disaggregating MNEs have not been constructed, missing multiple cited processes.
MULTIVALENT will fill this huge gap overcoming these challenges, developing global MRIOs representing MNEs, analysing and visualizing through GUI /Webs the results in: a) VA, trade in VA (TiVA); b) metrics such as vertical specialization, components decompositions; c) employment along the global value chains; d) greenhouse gas emissions; e) taxes, knowledge transfers.
The methods and applied steps involve: a) in-depth analysis and contribution to measuring global production; b) developing solutions for each of the challenges indicated; c) review and implementation of extended input-output and networks frameworks with MNEs; d) integrate social and environmental satellite accounts; e) analyse results and implications; f) examine the related political economy; g) develop the GUI.